![]() The imprint could be repeated numerous times with only a small amount of human labor. The letters were arranged to represent the text on a page and then pressed in ink against a sheet of paper. The process involved casting durable metal molds to represent the letters of the alphabet. Movable type, however, allowed entire manuscripts to be printed. Printing was not new: the Chinese had been printing by woodblock since the tenth century, and woodcut pictures (in which an image is cut on wood and then transferred to paper) made their appearance in Europe in the early fifteenth century. Paragraph 4:The invention of movable type was an enormous technological breakthrough that took bookmaking out of the hands of human copyists. ![]() O the hiring of authors to compose new books O the provision of materials for copying books O the creation of contracts for production of books All of the following were mentioned in paragraph 3 as functions of stationers in fifteenth-century Europe EXCEPT O that making books was a commercial enterprise in Europe before the invention of printingĦ. O the superiority of Florentine libraries to those in other European cities O the equal importance of Florence and Paris in the rapidly developing book industry O the process by which stationers obtained the necessary materials for book production The author mentions “Vespasiano da Bisticci” in order to emphasize Nonetheless, bookmaking in scriptoria was slow and expensive.ĥ. The Florentine Vespasiano da Bisticci, for example, created a library for Cosimo de’ Medici, the head of Florence’s leading family, by employing 45 copyists to complete 200 volumes in 22 months. The largest stationers, in Paris and Florence, were extensive operations by fifteenth-century standards. Production was in the hands of merchants called stationers, who supplied materials, arranged contracts for book production, and organized workshops known as scriptoria, where the manuscripts were copied, and acted as retail booksellers. Paragraph 3:By the fifteenth century, a brisk industry in manuscript books was flourishing in Europe’s university towns and major cities. O It produced paper that was more fragile than paper made in China. O It was dependent on the availability of discarded or used cloth. O It was replaced by a process that added steps to create a better quality of paper. O It was based on the process previously used to make parchment and vellum. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the process of making paper in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Europe? O It produces a superior writing material that is stronger than parchment.Ĥ. O Its development ended the practice of copying books by hand. O In fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Europe, it was restricted to Italy, which was the only country with the technology to build paper mills. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of papermaking? In describing the paper produced by Italian paper mills in the fourteenth century as comparatively “fragile” the author means that this paper wasģ. To produce paper, old rags were soaked in a chemical solution, beaten by mallets into a pulp, washed with water, treated, and dried in sheets-a method that still produces good-quality paper today.Ģ. By the fourteenth century, paper mills were operating in Italy, producing paper that was much more fragile but much cheaper than parchment or vellum, animal skins that Europeans had previously used for writing. Papermaking came to Europe from China via Arab intermediaries. Paragraph 2:Increased paper production in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was the first stage in the rapid growth of manuscript books-hand-copied works bound as books-which in turn led to the invention of mechanical printing. The word “advent” in the passage is closet in meaning to Two preconditions proved essential for the advent of printing: the industrial production of paper and the commercial production of manuscripts.ġ. Mass production of identical books and pamphlets made the world of letters more accessible to a literate audience. ![]() Paragraph 1:Printing with movable type, a revolutionary departure from the old practice of copying by hand, was invented in the 1440s by Johannes Gutenberg, a German goldsmith.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |